Glossary :: Blue Key Finance

Below is a comprehensive glossary for most of the terminology you may encounter when applying for a home loan.

AAPR	The Average Annual Percentage Rate (AAPR) is also known as the "True Rate" or mortgage comparison rate and can be used as a usual tool in determining the cost of ongoing fees associated with taking up the loan. The AAPR is the average interest rate payable over a 7 year period for a given loan amount including all upfront fees, ongoing fees, interest rate [and a revert to rate for the case of Fixed term, introductory and honeymoon loans] and the interest payable on that loan amount over that period. Not included in the AAPR are government fees, exit/discharge fees, service fees (e.g. Redraw, Internet usage fees, etc) and any other fees that are not always applied.
Accrued interest	Interest earned or incurred that is yet to be paid or charged.
Allotment	When a larger area of land is subdivided into smaller pieces, the smaller parcels of land are sometimes know as allotments.

Appreciation	The increase in the value of property caused by economic factors such as inflation, and market conditions.
Arrears	When you are overdue for a loan payment. When applying for a loan, the lender will want to know if you have ever been in arrears on your other loans.
Assets	Your assets are what you own. When applying for a loan, lenders will want to know about your assets such as real estate, bank accounts, shares, motor vehicles etc.
Assignment	In bankruptcy, the transfer by a debtor of the whole or part of their estate for the benefit of creditors.
Attestation	The formal act of witnessing a signature.
Baycorp Advantage	Credit reference institution. It holds details of individual and business credit histories.
Body Corporate	A corporation of the owners of units within a strata building. The owners elect a council responsible for the management of the building and common areas.
Break Costs	Fees or penalties charged by a lender when a customer decides to end or "break" from a fixed interest rate before the end of the agreed fixed term.
Bridging Loan	A short term loan (often no longer than 12 months) designed to allow you to finance the purchase of a new property before you have sold your existing property.
Building Inspection	An inspection carried out prior to purchasing a property, generally by a qualified builder, to check for any defects or problems in the structure. The sale contract can be made subject to a building inspection, allowing the purchaser to pull out of the contract if problems are found, or negotiate a new price.
Buyer’s advocate	An estate agent acting solely for the buyer by sourcing suitable properties and representing the buyer throughout the buying process.
Capital Gains Tax	This is a federal tax payable on profits made from the sale of a variety of assets (including investment properties). Assets purchased prior to 1985 are exempt. Your principal place of residence (where you live), providing it has never been rented out or used for business purposes, is also exempt.
Caveat	If a caveat is lodged upon a title to land it indicates that another party other than the owner claims some right over or interest in the property.
Caveat emptor	A Latin expression meaning ‘let the buyer beware’. It is the buyer’s responsibility to ensure that the property meets their approval prior to purchase.
Certificate of occupancy	A document issued by a building surveyor stating the building is suitable for occupation. It is not evidence that the building complies with the Building Act or building regulations.
Certificate of Title	A document showing amongst other things the ownership of a property and whether there are any mortgages on it.
Chattels	Chattels are personal property, such as clothing, appliances and furniture. Chattels include movable possessions which may be included in the sale (e.g. Furniture).
Clear Title	A seller has a clear title when there are no restrictions (such as an outstanding mortgage) preventing the sale, and when ownership of the seller has been established.
Collateral	Generally used in place of ‘security’.
Commission	Payment for selling a product. Real Estate agents receive a commission from the vendor when they sell a property, while Mortgage Brokers receive a commission from a lender when they sell a home loan product.
Common property	Areas of a property used by and belonging jointly to all owners of a property. This applies to such properties as apartment blocks or multi dwelling complexes.
Company Title	A form of property title where a unit complex is owned by a company with purchasers buying a range of shares that enable them to occupy a particular unit.
Comparison Rate	Comparison rates are similar to interest rates, but give the consumer a better indication of the true cost of a loan. Comparison rates take into account not only the interest rate for the loan, but also other fees and charges incurred during the life of the loan, such as ongoing monthly account fees and application fees. For example, a loan may be advertised with an interest rate of 6.3% and a comparison rate of 7.6%. Note that not all fees and charges are included in comparison rates (i.e. stamp duty is not included, and fees that are only incurred in certain circumstances such as redraw fees are not included).
Compound Interest	Interest that is paid on both the accumulated interest as well as on the original principal.
Construction Loan	A loan that caters to people building or renovating. The loan amount is generally drawn down progressively as various stages of construction are completed and builder’s invoices are received. A valuation of the work may be required at each draw down stage.
Contract of Sale	The agreement between the vendor and the buyer outlining the terms and conditions for the sale of a property. The contract will include the purchase price and any conditions such as "subject to building inspection" and "subject to finance".
Conveyancing	The process generally undertaken by a solicitor or conveyancing specialist of transferring property ownership. Conveyancing costs including legal fees, title transfer fees and stamp duty all need to be considered when you are applying for a home loan.
Covenant	Formal and binding restrictions or requirements. A breach of any covenant in any loan document constitutes an act of default.
Cover Note	Temporary property insurance cover used to protect a property prior to taking out a formal insurance policy. Cover notes are often taken out while a property is under contract, and a formal policy taken out when the property settles.
Credit History	When you apply for a loan the lender will check your credit history, including any previous loans and credit cards you have applied for, any history of bad debt or bankruptcy etc. They may also ask other questions such as whether you have been in arrears on other loans or whether you have ever exceeded your credit card limit.
Debtor	A party who is under obligation to another. In financial terms it is the party who has obtained money from a lender. Also known as borrower.
Default	This is the failure of a borrower to meet the conditions of a mortgage agreement (usually the inability to meet the minimum loan repayments). If the borrower defaults on their loan, the lender may take possession of the property and sell it to cover the outstanding loan amount.
Deferred Establishment Fee	This is an establishment fee that is only payable when a loan is repaid within the first few years (typically 3 to 5 years) of the loan period.
Deposit	A deposit is usually required when you are taking out a home loan. Generally a minimum deposit of 20% is required, or if mortgage insurance is taken out you may only need a 5% deposit. Some lenders offer no deposit home loans if you have proven cash flow, although these products may come at a higher interest rate.
Deposit Bonds	Guarantees that the purchaser of a property will pay the full deposit by the due date. Institutions providing deposit bonds act as a guarantor that payment will be made.
Discharge	When a mortgage has been repaid in full. The borrower will receive a discharge document from the lender stating that the mortgage has been repaid.
Discharge Fee	A fee charged by the lender to cover the administration costs of finalising and discharging a mortgage.
DSR	Debt to Service Ratio. This is a figure that lenders use to determine your ability to repay your loan. Lenders use a variety of formulas to arrive at a DSR figure, but it is basically a percentage of your income that will be used to service all of your loan debts. As a general rule most lenders will allow a DSR of between 30% and 35%.
Easement	A right to use a part of land which is owned by another person or organisation (e.g. for access to another property).
Encumbrance	A third party’s right that obstructs the unencumbered use or transfer of a property. Examples are easements, mortgages or caveats.
Equity	With regards to property, a borrower's equity is the price the property could be sold for less any amount still owed on the mortgage. As the borrower pays off the loan principal, equity in the property will increase. Rising house values will also increase equity.
Equity Loan	A loan where you borrow against the value of your house (potentially up to 90% of the value of your house, less any outstanding loan amounts on the property), and the funds are then available for any personal use, similar to a personal loan but at a lower interest rate. Lenders will often also describe line of credit loans as equity loans.
Execute	To sign and complete a document as necessary
Expenses	What you spend, including loan repayments, credit card repayments, rent, insurance etc. Lenders will need to know your monthly expenditure when you are applying for a loan.
First Home Owners Grant	A Federal Government subsidy which first home owners may be eligible to receive. Also known as the FHOG. The funds received from the FHOG can be included in the settlement of your loan.
Foreclosure	The procedure whereby, in the event of default under the terms of the mortgage, the mortgagee takes the security property in full satisfaction of the debt.
Freehold	The dwelling and the land on which it stands is owned by the owner until they choose to sell it.
Fixed Rate Loan	A loan where the interest rate is fixed for a set period, ranging from 1 to 15 years. This means your loan interest rate won't fluctuate as it does with a variable loan. Generally, the longer you want to fix your loan, the higher the interest rate will be i.e. you may be able to fix your loan for 1 year at 6.5%, or for 5 years at 7.7%.
Guarantee	A contract to pay someone else’s debt if they don’t pay it.
Guarantor	A person who guarantee's to pay out a loan for you in the event you are not able to make the repayments yourself. A lender may require someone (i.e. a family member) to guarantee your loan if you would not be eligible for the loan in normal circumstances.
Income	What you earn, including your salary or wages, overtime payments, interest and dividends, rental income etc. Lenders will need to know your income when you apply for a loan.
Installment	A regular repayment that the borrower makes to pay off a home loan. These repayments will typically be made at monthly, fortnightly or weekly intervals.
Interest in Advance Payments	Payments made to cover upcoming interest charges, usually on an investment home loan with interest only repayments.
Interest Only Payments	Payments made on a loan which only cover interest charges i.e. no payments are made to reduce the principal loan amount. This is generally only used for investment loans, and the period of interest only payments is usually set from 1 to 5 years.
Interest Rate	This is the rate (as a percentage) at which you will be charged interest on your home loan. Interest rates vary between lenders and between various types of loans. Interest rates change reasonably frequently (due to competition between the lenders and the policies of the Reserve Bank of Australia), which in turn changes your repayment amount. Most lenders offer loan products allowing you to set a fixed interest rate if you desire.
Introductory Rate	A reduced interest rate offered usually for the first year of the loan, after which the loan will revert to a standard rate. Also known as a discount rate.
Investment Loan	A loan taken out for the purpose of buying an investment property. Investment loans often have features which you would not normally use on an owner occupied home loan, such as making interest only payments or paying interest in advance.
Joint Tenants	Equal holding of a property between two or more persons. If one party dies, their share passes to the survivor/s.
Judgement	The decision or sentence of a court
Land Titles Office	A state government department which maintains the title registers containing information on each parcel of land under their jurisdiction.
Lease	A document granting a period of tenancy of a property under specific terms and conditions.
Liabilities	Your liabilities are your debts, or what you owe. When applying for a loan, lenders will want to know about your liabilities such as existing home loans, personal loans, hire purchases, credit card limits etc.
Line of Credit Loan	A line of credit loan allows you to borrow funds (usually up to 80% of the value of your house) and use those funds for any personal use. Repayments are usually very flexible, meaning you can make repayments whenever you like and for any amount, providing you stay within your credit limit. The loan is usually ongoing, with no fixed term.
Loan Administration Fee	A monthly fee charged by the lender for maintaining and administering your loan. Most lenders have a variety of loan products, some with monthly fees and some without. Also known as a loan maintenance fee or an ongoing monthly fee.
Loan Maintenance Fee	A monthly fee charged by the lender for maintaining and administering your loan. Most lenders have a variety of loan products, some with monthly fees and some without. Also known as a loan administration fee or an ongoing monthly fee.
Low Doc Loan	Low Doc Loans are offered by some lenders to people who lack the normal income statements or tax records to prove their income. Low doc loans may be of use to people who are self employed or who have irregular cash flow. The lender will still require proof that the loan can be serviced.
LVR	Loan to value ratio. This is one of the figures used by lenders when appraising a loan application. It is calculated by expressing the loan amount as a percentage of the property value. For example, for a loan application of $240000 on a property worth $300000, the LVR would be 80%. As a guide, most lenders will lend amounts up to 80% LVR, or higher with mortgage insurance - these figures will vary between lenders and between loan products.
Mortgage	An agreement between a borrower and a lender, with the borrower providing security (i.e. property) for a loan from the lender. If the borrower can not honour the mortgage agreement (i.e. can't meet the loan repayments), the lender may sell the security property to recover their costs.
Mortgage Insurance	Mortgage Insurance, or Lenders Mortgage Insurance, protects the lender against potential losses should you default on your home loan, and the proceeds from the sale of the property not cover the remaining loan amount. A lender will often require you to take out Mortgage Insurance if you wish to borrow more than 80% of the value of the property. It is usually a one off fee payable when the loan settles.
Mortgage Manager	A company responsible for managing every facet of a borrower’s loan. These often source loans from mortgage originators.
Mortgage Offset Account	Many lenders now offer mortgage offset facility with some of their loan products. This allows you to offset the funds you have in a transaction (savings) account against your home loan, thereby reducing the interest you will pay on the loan i.e. if your loan amount is $220000, and you currently have $8000 in your savings account, you will only pay interest on $212000.
Mortgage Originator	A person or organisation who organises a loan from another source (e.g. a mortgage trust fund).
Mortgage Protection Insurance	This is insurance taken out by a borrower to ensure they have sufficient funds to meet their repayments in the event of sickness or loss of job (through redundancy). Can also be known as income insurance. If considering Mortgage Protection Insurance you should seek professional financial advice from your accountant or a financial planner.
Mortgage Registration Fee	This is a fee charged to register you mortgage with the State Government. Fees will vary from state to state. The fee will be part of the up front settlement costs of your loan (along with stamp duty, transfer fees etc).
Mortgagee	A lender of money, with the loan secured by the borrowers (mortgagors) property as agreed to in a mortgage document.
Mortgagee Sale	If the borrower defaults, the lender can seek to recover the debt by selling the property that was the security for the loan under the mortgage.
Mortgagor	Someone who borrows money from a lending institution (the mortgagee) and provides property as security for the loan, as agreed to in a mortgage document.
Negative Gearing	Negative gearing occurs when you borrow for investment purposes (i.e. to purchase an investment property), and the costs of the investment (such as interest charges) exceed the returns from the investment (i.e. rental income). The loss may then be claimed as a tax deduction, depending on the circumstances of the investment - if considering negative gearing, ensure you seek financial advice first.
No Deposit Home Loan	Some lenders offer no deposit home loans, allowing you to borrow 100% (and sometimes more) of the property value. With this type of loan, you will usually require a very clean credit history and proof of good income and the ability to service the loan. The interest rate for this type of loan may also be higher than for a standard loan.
No Doc Loan	Similar to a low doc loan, but you require no proof of income. Instead you will be required to sign an agreement certifying that you will be able to service the loan. With this type of loan, you may only be able to borrow a smaller percentage of the property value (i.e. 65% as opposed to 80%).
Non-conforming Loans	Loans where the standard loan criteria (proof of employment, proof of income etc) are not met. Low doc and no doc loans can be described as non conforming loans.
Off the plan	Purchasing off the plan involves buying a property before it has been built. Such purchases are usually based on the architect’s plans and models.
Owner’s corporation	Formerly known as a body corporate. An owners corporation has the collective ownership of the common area in a subdivision of land or buildings. It is responsible for the administration, upkeep and insurance of the common area shared by all the owners (the common property).
Passed In	A property is ‘passed in’ at auction if the highest bid fails to meet the reserve price set by the vendor (seller).
Plan of Subdivision	A plan lodged at the Land Titles Office which divides a larger parcel of land into several smaller lots.
Pre-approved Loan	Getting your finance approved by a lender before you have made an offer on a property, or even before you have begun looking for a property. This allows you to look for properties safe in the knowledge that you can get finance for the pre-approved amount, providing your circumstances have not changed and the property meets the lenders requirements. Pre-approval may last up to 3 months, and can also be known as approval in principal.
Principal	The amount borrowed from a lender, upon which interest is charged. As loan repayments are made the principal decreases.
Progress Draws	These are draw downs on your construction loan made when payments to your builder are due. As construction proceeds, your builder will require payment when certain stages are met, at which time you draw down a portion of your loan, until construction is finished and the final draw down occurs.
Redraw Facility	This facility is found on many loan products, and allows you to redraw funds from your loan that you have paid in advance. For instance, if you have been making extra repayments on your loan and are $10000 in advance with your repayments, with a redraw facility you would be able to take the $10000 (or a portion of it) out of your home loan. Restrictions usually apply (i.e. there may be a minimum amount you are allowed to redraw), and you may be charged a fee for redrawing.
Refinance	When a mortgage is taken out and some or all of the funds are used to pay off another existing mortgage. The new mortgage may or may not be with the same lender. Refinancing is often used to access built up equity in a property, or simply to move to a cheaper home loan.
Repayment Period	This is the frequency with which you make your loan repayments. You will have a choice of making weekly, fortnightly or monthly repayments, depending on the lender and the loan product.
Reserve Price	Specified minimum price acceptable to a seller at auction.
Reverse Mortgage Loan	These loans are aimed specifically at seniors. They allow the borrower to take out a mortgage against their property (usually only up to a comparatively small LVR, such as 25% or less), and not make any repayments until the property is sold, or the borrowers move from the home, or the borrowers are deceased.
Searches	Examinations or research tasks usually carried out by solicitors on the purchaser’s and lender’s behalf to confirm information about the property or the purchaser, prior to settlement.
Security	When applying for a home loan, assets will be required to secure the loan. On most standard home loans, the security will be the property being purchased. In some circumstances more than one property may be required to secure the loan.
Settlement Date	This is the date on which you receive the funds from your loan. If your are purchasing a property (as opposed to refinancing), this is the date at which you will pay the vendor and take possession of the property. Payments of fees such as stamp duty and mortgage registration is also required on the settlement date.
Split Loan	Some lenders allow you to split your loan into a fixed interest rate component and a variable interest rate component, giving the borrower a combination of the security of a fixed loan and the flexibility of a variable loan.
Stamp Duty Concessions	Stamp duty concessions (waivers or discounts) are available in certain circumstances (i.e. for first home buyers). The amount of the concession will vary from State to State.
Stamp Duty on Mortgage	This is a State Government tax paid on the loan amount. It will vary from State to State, and may be discounted in certain circumstances (i.e. for first home buyers).
Stamp Duty on Property	This is a State Government tax paid on the value of the property. It will vary from State to State, and may be discounted in certain circumstances (i.e. for first home buyers).
Strata Title	A strata title is the most common title associated with town houses and home units and is evidence of ownership of a unit, which is called a 'lot', in a strata plan. Individuals each own a small portion (such as a unit or townhouse) but where there is common property (external walls, windows, roof, driveways, foyers, fences, lawns and gardens) which all owners share.
Survey	A plan of a property, showing the precise positioning of the property boundaries and any building on the land. A surveyor can use the plan to check the boundaries of a property prior to purchase.
Tenants In Common	The equal or unequal holding of property by two or more persons. If one party dies, their share passes according to their Will or the law (not necessarily to the owner of the other share).
Term	The duration of a loan. For a home loan, a term of 25 or 30 years is fairly standard. Loan terms will also often be referred to as a number of months i.e. a 30 year loan can be expressed as 360 months.
Title Deed	Document disclosing the legal description and ownership of a property.
Title Search	This is a search of the State Government's Titles database that is undertaken by the legal representative of a borrower purchasing a property. The search will provide details of who owns the property, as well as who has an interest in the property (i.e. any lender who holds a mortgage over the property).
Torrens Title	A form of property title based on a computerized register system maintained by state governments. The owner is allowed to deal with the property in any way they choose including leasing, selling or granting mortgages.
Transfer of Land	An instrument which authorizes the Land Titles Office to record a change in property ownership. This form of transfer is used when the change of ownership is due to normal real estate trading.
Transferee	The party receiving the title of property (the purchaser)
Transferor	The party giving the title of property (the vendor)
Uncommitted Monthly Income	The net income that is available once all monthly expenses are deducted. Monthly expenses may include home loan repayments, personal loan repayments, credit card repayments and any other payments or general living expenses. Most lenders will require that you have a certain level of uncommitted monthly income before they offer you a loan.
Unencumbered	A property free of liabilities, encumbrances or restrictions.
Uniform Consumer Credit Code (UCCC)	A legislative code that regulates various aspects of consumer credit.
Upfront Costs	The various fees and charges you will need to pay when your loan settles, including stamp duty, legal fees, mortgage registration fees etc.
Up-Stamping	The process and costs involved when more stamp duty is required to be paid on a document.
Valuation	A report that outlines the value of a property and how the figure was reached. When purchasing a property, the lender will require a valuation from a certified valuer before approving the loan. The borrower is responsible for paying the valuation fee, even if the loan does not proceed.
Variable Rate Loan	A loan where the interest rate varies with fluctuations in the mortgage market and changes in official interest rates by the Reserve Bank of Australia. As the interest rate changes, so do your minimum repayment obligations.
Vendor (seller)	The person selling the property.
Vendor’s statement (or section 32)	Information which the seller must provide to the buyer advising of restrictions such as covenants and easements, outgoings such as rates and any other notices such as compulsory acquisition.
Zoning	Statutory descriptions of the allowable uses of land as set out by local councils or planning authorities.